Assumption and Conclusion Reasoning Questions
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1.
A school principal observes that students who participate in extracurricular activities have higher GPAs. She concludes that participating in extracurricular activities improves academic performance. Which of the following, if true, would most weaken this conclusion?
Students must maintain a minimum GPA to participate in extracurricular activities
Extracurricular activities take time away from studying
Some extracurricular activities are academic in nature
Students who participate in extracurricular activities tend to be more motivated overall
2.
If you exercise regularly, you'll be fit. You're fit. Therefore, you must exercise regularly. This reasoning is:
Modus ponens
Modus tollens
Affirming the consequent
Denying the antecedent
3.
All squares are rectangles. This shape is not a square. Therefore, this shape is not a rectangle. This argument is:
Valid
Sound
Invalid
Both valid and sound
4.
If it's sunny, we'll go to the beach. We didn't go to the beach. Therefore, it wasn't sunny. This reasoning is:
Modus ponens
Modus tollens
Affirming the consequent
Denying the antecedent
5.
If you water plants regularly, they will grow. Your plants have grown. Therefore, you must have watered them regularly. This reasoning is:
Modus ponens
Modus tollens
Affirming the consequent
Denying the antecedent
6.
A company's sales have increased by 20% since it started advertising on social media. The marketing manager concludes that social media advertising is highly effective. Which of the following, if true, would most weaken this conclusion?
The company's main competitor went out of business during the same period
The company's product quality improved significantly in the same timeframe
Other companies in the industry have seen similar sales increases without social media advertising
The cost of social media advertising is much lower than traditional advertising methods
7.
A company introduces a new policy requiring employees to take regular breaks throughout the day. After six months, productivity has increased. The CEO concludes that the break policy has improved productivity. Which of the following is an assumption underlying this conclusion?
Employees were not taking any breaks before the policy was implemented
The increase in productivity is solely due to the new break policy
All employees are following the new break policy
Longer work hours always lead to higher productivity
8.
If you eat too much sugar, you'll get cavities. You have cavities. Therefore, you must have eaten too much sugar. This reasoning is:
Modus ponens
Modus tollens
Affirming the consequent
Denying the antecedent
9.
If it's a weekend, the museum is open. The museum is open today. Therefore, it must be a weekend. This reasoning is:
Deductive
Inductive
Abductive
Fallacious
10.
A study finds that people who drink green tea have a lower risk of heart disease. The researchers conclude that drinking green tea prevents heart disease. Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen this conclusion?
Green tea contains antioxidants known to improve cardiovascular health
People who drink green tea tend to have healthier lifestyles overall
The study was conducted over a long period of time
Participants in the study consumed varying amounts of green tea
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